Pneumatic conveying systems provide an efficient and safe industrial solution for transporting materials such as powders and granules. These systems are widely preferred in the food, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries due to their hygiene and fast transportation capabilities. Additionally, their closed structure prevents material dispersion into the environment and enhances workplace safety. They also improve energy efficiency, reducing operational costs. These systems can operate using both compressed air and vacuum principles, making the design of the system crucial based on the characteristics of the material to be transported. Moreover, their modular structure allows pneumatic conveying systems to be easily expanded in line with production capacity.
Dense phase conveying systems are designed with relatively low speeds, typically below 5 m/s. However, the operating pressures can exceed 3 to 4 bar, depending on the distance and pipeline resistance. Pipe diameters are designed based on production requirements and are relatively smaller. The denseveyor pressure tank is used for transporting powder and granular materials. Discharge points are equipped with pulse jet filters to expel transport air, as well as adjustable negative and positive opening valves. Specially designed volumetric PBV pressure balance valves are placed in the pipelines to equalize pressure, prevent blockages, and minimize air consumption. Dense phase pneumatic conveying is ideal for transporting difficult, abrasive, fragile, and challenging materials with minimal speed, air consumption, and power usage. The pipes and elbows are designed for minimal wear, long service life, and reduced maintenance costs. Transport pressure ranges between 2.5 and 5 bar, transport distances reach up to 200 meters, and transport capacity varies from 1 to 70 tons using normal air or nitrogen.
In multi-dense phase systems, mini denseveyor tanks are arranged in sequence, connected to multiple powder discharge points. Transfers can occur simultaneously or sequentially. This system is commonly used in waste incineration plants and coal power plants for ash transfer under filter hoppers. Dense phase conveying operates at low, medium, and high levels using compressed air as the primary transport force. In specific cases, nitrogen or other inert gases may be required. The conveying speeds are typically below 5 m/s, with initial pressures exceeding 3 to 4 bar, depending on the transport distance and pipeline resistance.
In dilute phase conveying, the air-to-material ratio ranges from 1:15 to 1:10, with transport speeds between 15–30 m/s. Solid materials in powder and granular form are transported in suspension horizontally and vertically through pipes. Dilute phase systems can transfer materials from one point to several points or from multiple points to one or more destinations. Key components include vacuum pumps, rotary or suction devices, filter systems at discharge points, conveying pipes, and manual or automated controls. Positive dilute phase systems use a blower with a maximum pressure of 1 bar for material transfer. At the final destination, a pulse jet filter is used for automatic air and product separation. Vacuum conveying systems use fans or blowers with pressures up to 0.7 bar. These systems can transfer materials over distances up to 50 meters and capacities up to 150 t/h, featuring components like a product feeding point, arrival point, filters, and a vacuum pump.
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